Characteristics of an Effective School Principal

Attributes of an Effective School Principal A school administrators work is adjusted between being fulfilling and testing. It is a troublesome activity, and like any employment, there are individuals who can't deal with it. There are sure qualities of a profoundly successful head that a few people don't have. Other than the undeniable expert necessities expected to turn into a head, there are a few characteristics that great chiefs have permitting them to carry out their responsibility effectively. Every one of these attributes shows themselves in the day by day obligations of a head. An exceptionally viable chief will have every one of the accompanying seven characteristics. A Principal Must Exhibit Leadership This is a trademark that each chief must have. The chief is the instructional pioneer of their structure. A decent pioneer needs to assume liability for the victories and disappointments of her school. A decent pioneer places the requirements of others before her own. A decent pioneer is continually hoping to improve her school and afterward makes sense of how to make those upgrades paying little heed to how troublesome it may be. Administration characterizes how effective any school is. A school without a solid head will probably come up short, and a primary who isn't a pioneer will wind up without an occupation rapidly. A Principal Must Be Adept at Building Relationships With People In the event that you dont like individuals you shouldnt be a head. You must have the option to associate with every individual you manage regularly. You need to discover shared belief and procure their trust. There are numerous gatherings of individuals that administrators manage every day including their director, educators, bolster staff, guardians, understudies, and network individuals. Each gathering requires an alternate methodology, and people inside a gathering are remarkable in their own right. No one can tell who is going to stroll into your office next. Individuals come in with an assortment of feelings including satisfaction, trouble, and outrage. You must have the option to manage every one of those circumstances successfully by associating with the individual and giving him that you care about his one of a kind circumstance. He needs to accept that you will do whatever you can to improve his circumstance. A Principal Must Balance Tough Love With Earned Praise This is particularly obvious with your understudies and your instructors. You cannot be a weakling, implying that you let individuals pull off unremarkableness. You need to set desires high and hold those you are accountable for to those equivalent gauges. This implies there will be times when you need to denounce individuals and likely hurt their emotions. It is a piece of the activity that isnt charming, however it is important on the off chance that you need to run a successful school. Simultaneously, you should offer commendation when it is fitting. Dont neglect to tell those instructors who are making an unprecedented showing that you welcome them. Make sure to perceive understudies who exceed expectations in the territories of scholastics, initiative and additionally citizenship. A remarkable chief can rouse utilizing a blend of both of these methodologies. A Principal Must Be Fair and Consistent Nothing can remove your believability more rapidly than being conflicting by they way you handle comparative circumstances. While no two cases are the very same, you need to consider how you have dealt with other comparative circumstances and proceed on that equivalent track. Understudies, specifically, know how you handle understudy control, and they make correlations starting with one case then onto the next. In the event that you are not reasonable and steady, they will get down on you about it. In any case, it is justifiable that history will impact an administrators choice. For instance, in the event that you have an understudy who has been in different battles and contrast her with an understudy who has just had one battle, at that point you are supported in giving the understudy with numerous battles a more drawn out suspension. Thoroughly consider every one of your choices, report your thinking and be readied when somebody questions or can't help contradicting them. A Principal Must Be Organized and Prepared Every day presents a special arrangement of difficulties and being sorted out and arranged is basic to meeting those difficulties. You manage such huge numbers of factors as a chief that sloppiness will prompt insufficiency. No day is unsurprising. This makes being sorted out and arranged a fundamental quality. Every day you despite everything need to come in with an arrangement or a plan for the day with the understanding that you will likely just get around 33% of those things done. You likewise must be set up for pretty much anything. At the point when you are managing that numerous individuals, there are such huge numbers of impromptu things that can happen. Having approaches and systems set up to manage circumstances is a piece of the essential arranging and readiness to be successful. Association and planning will help lessen pressure when you are managing troublesome or remarkable circumstances. A Principal Must Be an Excellent Listener No one can really tell when an irate understudy, a displeased parent or an agitated educator is going to stroll into your office. You must be set up to manage those circumstances, and that begins with being a remarkable audience. You can incapacitate most troublesome circumstances just by giving them that you care enough to tune in to what they need to state. At the point when somebody needs to meet with you since they feel wronged somehow or another, you have to listen to them. This doesnt imply that you let them slam someone else ceaselessly. You can be firm on not letting them put down an instructor or understudy, yet permit them to vent without being rude to someone else. Be eager to go the following stage in helping them settle their issue. At times that may be intervening between two understudies who have had a difference. Some of the time it may be having a conversation with an instructor to get his side of a story and afterward transferring that to the parent. Everything starts with tuning in. A Principal Must Be a Visionary​ Training is ever-developing. There is continually something greater and better accessible. On the off chance that you are not endeavoring to improve your school, you are not carrying out your responsibility. This will consistently be a continuous procedure. Regardless of whether you have been at a school for a long time, there are still things you can do to improve the general nature of your school. Every individual segment is a working piece of the bigger system of the school. Every one of those segments should be oiled from time to time. You may need to supplant a section that isn't working. At times you may even ready to redesign a current part that was carrying out its responsibility since something better was created. You never need to be stale. Indeed, even your best educators can improve. You must see that nobody gets settled and that everybody is attempting to improve persistently.

Violence Essays (791 words) - Dispute Resolution, Crime, Criminology

Savagery Getting a charge out of Violence There are a wide range of perspectives on how savage movies and music influence individuals. By and by, I accept savage movies and music don't influence individuals, however a few investigations appear they do. There are additionally different reasons why individuals need to see fierce movies, and why specialists and makers keep on delivering vicious movies and music. From the article ?Film Violence and Subsequent Aggressive Tendencies,? they compose that even in the 1920's and 1930's kin were influenced by watching and perusing things containing brutal conduct. The writers compose that media brutality instigates wrongdoing also, adolescent misconduct. Through their analyses, when a film is being viewed, the passionate condition of the crowd assumes a major job. At the point when preschoolers viewed the forceful conduct of grown-ups in a film, they later responded to mellow disappointments. Viciousness in films doesn't simply influence adolescents, yet individuals everything being equal. In a similar report Lovaas furthermore, Walters tried different things with a similar thought. Their last decision was that, ?upgrades introduced on the film screen can excite recently learned forcefulness propensities, delivering obviously antagonistic conduct.? As should be obvious through these tests, individuals can and here and there do respond to brutality in films. Frequently, in any case, individuals don't respond to the savagery in movies and music. Individuals who have been raised ?appropriately? what's more, who have word structure will in all likelihood not respond to the viciousness that is put out there on films and in music. Then again, if you were brought up in a vicious circumstance with wavering vocal structure, brutality could significantly influence you. Animosity is typical in every last one of us. Be that as it may, when animosity transforms into viciousness, the individuals behind the brutality are presumably grieved as of now. The hit single, C.R.E.A.M. (Money Rules Everything Around Me), by hip-jump specialists Wu-Tang Clan, best portrays why individuals make fierce movies and music; its the 4 cash says Danyel Smith, ?Tough Talk on Entertainment.? Rappers rap about shooting individuals and gunfire in melodies. Movies show individuals being shot to death. Do you truly think the audience members and watchers will go out and shoot a person or thing? The makers are tied in with bringing in cash as well. In the article ?Tough Talk on Diversion,? rapper Ice Cube summarized it in a meeting. ?His work is for youthful individuals and if his crowd needed something different he would offer it to them.? These individuals are tied in with bringing in cash and by doing that they need to create things that individuals need. I surmise brutality is in the present moment. At the point when movies and melodies show brutality or have savage verses, I accept this is quality. Viciousness in the media, for this situation movies and music, doesn't cause savagery, yet only mirrors reality of the general public we live in. Any sensible individual can see that just ?upset? individuals are the ones responding and this is the reason we have all the savagery we do. So for what reason is there such a great amount of brutality in the media? There are numerous reasons why individuals appreciate going to vicious movies. From ?Why We Crave Horror Movies,? Stephen Ruler composes, to show that we can and that we are not apprehensive. Another explanation is to restore our sentiments of fundamental typicality. We likewise go for entertainment only. This fun, in a contorted way, we get when we see others undermined, now and again even executed. Essentially, repulsiveness and fierce movies offer to all that is the most noticeably terrible in us. Individuals appreciate the tension what's more, the response of others. Numerous reasons strike a chord why I go to see savage movies, however Stephen King summarizes it in his article, ?If we share a fellowship of man, at that point we too share a craziness of man.? I understand that viciousness in movies and music can influence individuals. I imagines that if individuals accuse movies and music for their activities, they are oblivious. Indeed, you may get thoughts in your head, yet in the event that you follow up on those thoughts, at that point you should be intellectually sick. The makers and craftsmen do it for one primary explanation, the cash. On the off chance that individuals didn't appreciate brutal movies and 4 music, at that point for what reason is there such an appeal for it? *Final Note As I expressed before I don't accept that savagery in the media has an effect on the savagery in the public arena. At the point when individuals accuse tune verses and films for their activities, I don't trust them. Their psyches were at that point upset, they just at last chose to go and make the viciousness. In the event that we are attempting to stop all the viciousness

The Lewis And Clark Expedition Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Lewis And Clark Expedition - Term Paper Example The assignment for President Jefferson was currently to get acquainted with the domain itself, particularly the western front. To achieve this errand, President Jefferson picked his own secretary Meriwether Lewis who was a dependable and keen man, yet additionally had aptitudes of a frontiersman. Meriwether Lewisin thus chose one of his most solid companions and a remarkable frontiersman and sketcher, William Clark, and made him the co-instructing skipper of the campaign. The trust that Lewis had in Clark’s capacities was astounding given the way that Clark was not exceptionally positioned by the administration itself for such expeditions1. There were two reasons why President Jefferson needed this undertaking to occur. The main clear explanation was that he needed to find the genuine region itself so the limits could be built up. The subsequent explanation was that he needed Lewis to find the water connect between the Missouri and Columbia waterways. This water system would c onnect the Pacific Ocean with the Mississippi arrangement of waterways which thusly would open new access courses for exchange and business. Endeavor The undertaking formally began from the late spring of 1804 from Camp Wood in St. Louis. Up to that point, the individuals were building up the systems for the campaign. That late spring and throughout the fall the gathering of explorers moved and hauled themselves towards the north and all the more absolutely, toward the northwest on the Missouri River. The post which they came to before the approach of winter was the Fort Mandan post, an exchanging post, where they set up their camps and held up till the winter had died. During this time they arranged for the excursion ahead. At the point when the winter had at long last passed and as spring of 1805 was drawing nearer, the excursion started by and by. They proceeded onward further up towards the Missouri to Montana, to what is directly called Three-Forks. The way which they picked wa s the limit of the western front along the Jefferson River. This assisted with effectively the new landscape. The new course carried the travelers to the limit of Shoshone Indians who were all around familiar with the landscape and had practical experience in intersection the mountains with their ponies. The critical individuals whom they met were a French hide dealer and his Shoshone Indian spouse named Sacagawea which implies ‘bird woman’. Both these individuals consented to manage them through and Sacagawea was particularly useful in setting up contact with the Indians through going about as an interpreter. From the outset, the Indians were scared to see the pioneers, but since of Sacagawea, the association was made rather effectively and the Indians consented to support them. The Indians gave them supplies and other basic stuff. The other advantage of Sacagawea was that since she was a lady it connoted the way that the travelers were not there for war. For the most part, ladies were not taken close by in the circumstance of war. In this manner, the nearness of Sacagawea implied that the pioneers didn't mean war. With the assistance of the Indians, the voyagers advanced up to the Bitterroot Mountains. Without the ponies it would have been hard to go through the mountains. There, the trouble they needed to confront was that they needed to now travel downriver from the Bitterroot

Presentation of Evidence Essay - 1100 Words

Presentation of Evidence (Essay Sample) Content: Presentation of EvidenceParry et al.(2003)conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine the business case for beneficiaries of Medicare through post discharge care transition(PDCT) .The measurement for in this research included the PDCT cost benefit ratio and the abilities and skills of self-management that recipients posed .This study was based on a controlled randomized trial. The study was carried out on elderly recipients receiving treatment at a general hospital located in a rural area called upstate in New York. The research was carried out from October 2008 to December 2009. The recipients selected were provided with services as part of the PDCT intervention while the others were controlled through regular discharge from the hospital. The participants were selected randomly before discharge from the hospital. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used during the study after the census of the patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ daily medical care was obtained. Based on the medical number and record of individuals, they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Three hundred and thirty three recipients were chosen for this study: 160 in the intervention group and 173 in the control group (Parry et al., 2003).Participants in this program were approached while they were hospitalized, and the program was explained to them before they signed the consent forms. The program consisted of three home visits by nurses who were tasked with the role of delivering the program. The intervention features included developing the records of patients, structuring a discharge checklist for patients, providing sessions to improve recipient management and self-activation, check-up sessions and coordinating information. Data was analyzed using various techniques during the intervention. Island Peer Review Organization discharge criteria were used to assess the discharge risk level. Cole manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care Transitions Measure survey was used to determine r ecipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s skills and abilities of self à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬management. Other methods of analyzing data include the use of SAS version 9.1.The medical conditions assessed for the participants in the two groups using IPRO method showed that participants in the intervention group were a high risk lot at 46.8% compared to the control group which had 35.7% (P=.03). The Index admission table reveals that most of the recipients had Medicare as their main insurance and the emergency department was their admittance way to the hospital. Other medical players for participants included Medicaid, Blue Cross and commercial insurance firms (Greenwald, Denham Jack, 2007). The indexing table also showed that controlled recipients were likely to be more eligible to home discharge compared with those referred to care givers especially the intervention recipients (Greenwald, Denham Jack, 2007).The analysis carried out in readmission showed that controlled group participants were more likely to be r eadmitted than those in the intervention 58.2% versus 48.2% ( P=.08).The analysis also showed there was a higher rate of readmission for participants in the intervention group for the time frame of 30 days. This was reversed when the readmission rate was examined in the 31 to 90 day duration. The cost analysis was done to compare the saving in the intervention group with the overall program revealed that a participant in the intervention and control groups saved $1,034 and $946 for an intervention participant for the cost of the program (Coleman Berenson, 2004). There was a cost benefit ratio of 1.09 meaning that there was a saving of $1.09 realized for every $1 used during the program.Peikes et al. (2009) use of Cole manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care Transitions Measure survey to determine the effect of participant self -management skills and abilities revealed many things. The study suggests that there was enhanced understanding in many areas of the participants. These included understanding health management for every individual (P= .003).The participants were able to understand the signs and warning symptoms to watch out after knowing their health status (P= .004), there was increased confidence on how to manage health issues by the participants (P= .03), having the independence to carry tasks that reflected on their health (P= .03). The study also shows that participants were able to understand the written draft explaining the program and how it was going to be implemented (P= .01). Further studies revealed that individuals in the intervention group were able to understand the reason of taking medication compared to the control participants (P= .008). This figure was also reflected when the study compared the understanding of the side e... Presentation of Evidence Essay - 1100 Words Presentation of Evidence (Essay Sample) Content: Presentation of EvidenceParry et al.(2003)conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine the business case for beneficiaries of Medicare through post discharge care transition(PDCT) .The measurement for in this research included the PDCT cost benefit ratio and the abilities and skills of self-management that recipients posed .This study was based on a controlled randomized trial. The study was carried out on elderly recipients receiving treatment at a general hospital located in a rural area called upstate in New York. The research was carried out from October 2008 to December 2009. The recipients selected were provided with services as part of the PDCT intervention while the others were controlled through regular discharge from the hospital. The participants were selected randomly before discharge from the hospital. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used during the study after the census of the patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ daily medical care was obtained. Based on the medical number and record of individuals, they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Three hundred and thirty three recipients were chosen for this study: 160 in the intervention group and 173 in the control group (Parry et al., 2003).Participants in this program were approached while they were hospitalized, and the program was explained to them before they signed the consent forms. The program consisted of three home visits by nurses who were tasked with the role of delivering the program. The intervention features included developing the records of patients, structuring a discharge checklist for patients, providing sessions to improve recipient management and self-activation, check-up sessions and coordinating information. Data was analyzed using various techniques during the intervention. Island Peer Review Organization discharge criteria were used to assess the discharge risk level. Cole manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care Transitions Measure survey was used to determine r ecipientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s skills and abilities of self à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬management. Other methods of analyzing data include the use of SAS version 9.1.The medical conditions assessed for the participants in the two groups using IPRO method showed that participants in the intervention group were a high risk lot at 46.8% compared to the control group which had 35.7% (P=.03). The Index admission table reveals that most of the recipients had Medicare as their main insurance and the emergency department was their admittance way to the hospital. Other medical players for participants included Medicaid, Blue Cross and commercial insurance firms (Greenwald, Denham Jack, 2007). The indexing table also showed that controlled recipients were likely to be more eligible to home discharge compared with those referred to care givers especially the intervention recipients (Greenwald, Denham Jack, 2007).The analysis carried out in readmission showed that controlled group participants were more likely to be r eadmitted than those in the intervention 58.2% versus 48.2% ( P=.08).The analysis also showed there was a higher rate of readmission for participants in the intervention group for the time frame of 30 days. This was reversed when the readmission rate was examined in the 31 to 90 day duration. The cost analysis was done to compare the saving in the intervention group with the overall program revealed that a participant in the intervention and control groups saved $1,034 and $946 for an intervention participant for the cost of the program (Coleman Berenson, 2004). There was a cost benefit ratio of 1.09 meaning that there was a saving of $1.09 realized for every $1 used during the program.Peikes et al. (2009) use of Cole manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care Transitions Measure survey to determine the effect of participant self -management skills and abilities revealed many things. The study suggests that there was enhanced understanding in many areas of the participants. These included understanding health management for every individual (P= .003).The participants were able to understand the signs and warning symptoms to watch out after knowing their health status (P= .004), there was increased confidence on how to manage health issues by the participants (P= .03), having the independence to carry tasks that reflected on their health (P= .03). The study also shows that participants were able to understand the written draft explaining the program and how it was going to be implemented (P= .01). Further studies revealed that individuals in the intervention group were able to understand the reason of taking medication compared to the control participants (P= .008). This figure was also reflected when the study compared the understanding of the side e...

The story The Yellow Wallpaper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 682 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? The story The Yellow Wallpaper was published in the year 1892 by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Gilman was married to Charles Stetson, an artist, and they had a daughter, but after the birth of their daughter Gilman, went into a deep and long-drawn depression. She was receiving medical treatment for her depression but the medication only angered her. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The story The Yellow Wallpaper" essay for you Create order Gilman was limited by her society and the people around her. She was told that she could not put her hand on a pen, brush, or pencil again. With all that build up anger she was able to create her most famous story The Yellow Wallpaper and start her long career as lecturer and writer exposing the feminist issues in society. In her second marriage her mental health had been improved, but she shortly ended her life in 1935. Gilman mostly focused in the genres of feminist fiction and gothic literature. The story starts off with the narrator writing in her sercret journal, that she keeps from her husband, to relieve her mind. The narrator starts to describe the setting to the readers and she talks about the revolting wallpaper and how much she wants to rip it of the wall, which later turns into an obession in the story. As she is describing the room she is in she talks about how it could have been an old nursery. The reason why she is in that room is because her husband, John who is also her doctor, and her are taking a vacation because she has been dealing with post-department depression. In the story John threatens to send her to a physician, Weir Mitchell, if she was not getting better by the end of their vacation. Throughout the story the reader can see that it gets harder and harder for the narrator to stop talking about changing the wallpaper. One night when she could not sleep she saw a figure, a woman trapped inside of the wallpaper pattern. As she sees that woman she begins to notice that the woman was her trpped between the patterns of the paper. She starts tearing the wallpaper but not to get rid of the woman, but to free her. As she is ripping off the wallpaper her husband comes home to discover her crawling on all fours. After he sees her, he then collaspe of shock. The theme the author mostly foreshadowed was self exprssion. In the 1800s there was not a lot of self expression from woman because they were so limited by society. Mental health issues started to form in a lot of women. Wheter it was post- departmetdepression or just depresion in general they did not know what to do. People just thought it was not a big deal they will just get over it one day. The Fall of the House of Usher was published in the year 1840 by Edgar Allan Poe. Poe was born in Boston, but before he turned three years old his parents died. Poe was later adopted by a couple, the Allans, whose name he added into his own name. He was a student in the University of Virginia but his acceptance ended when he fell into drinking and gambling. Soon after that he was enlisted into the army. When he was accepted into West point, he ruined his possbility for being a soldier as a career and he will never escape from his pattern. In 1836 he got married to his cousin, Virginia Clemm, he was thirteen at the time. He became an editor at Richmond Southern Literary Messenger while mangeing his publication, The Stylus. He won a lot of literary prizes because of his writing career, but it was not enough finically support his wife and him. His acholism costed his jobs in journalism. Later on in 1847 his wife died and he met wealthry widow that he would soon be married to. He was going to travel to go meet her in 1849, but went out to celebrate with his friends. He was found in Baltimore street unconscious then died a few days later. Poe writing genre was mostly gothic literature.

3 Best Stories Essay - 710 Words

During my English comp summer session class, I was instructed to read several essays and give my feedback on them. In my opinion, the last three writings were probably the most memorable and important. â€Å"Hurricane Katrina†, a story on the immediate and after affects of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, was first of these three stories. It focused on real life experiences of people who lived through it, victims giving their heartrending testimonies. â€Å"It’s Not Just A Bike†, is about Lacey Taylor and her tireless pursuit in her cause to help bring to a halt thieves stealing bikes from off her school campus. Another story I read was â€Å"Free The Children†. It gave constructive criticism to parents who would not generally let†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Imagine one day waking up to find that your car had been stolen†, Taylor once said, she believes that a bike for a lot of people is no different from any other trans portation that a person may rely on. Stating her solution, she suggests posting signs that simply say that the act is against the law and punishable. This would be as an inexpensive way to help. Other solutions were; possibly starting an awareness program or even strategically placing cameras where they have a clear view of the bike racks. I think that Taylor presents an excellent idea. The seriousness and dedication she displays causes me to open my eyes and pay attention to ways I may be able to help make my school campus a better place. The last writing I read was â€Å"Free The Children†, a very informative story by author Nancy Gibbs. Gibbs believes that children should enjoy summers that don’t count or place pressure on them. She says that experts have for a long time said that the modern child has more stress than those of earlier generations. I thought that this was an interesting read because I probably would naturally think that preparing my child du ring the summer, for the upcoming year would give them an advantage. The evidence author Gibbs presents suggests the contrary. She finishes by saying â€Å"I wish that I could have that time back to be a youth without the strains of work and school†. I completely agreed with her take.Show MoreRelatedTrue Disney Fashion Toy Story1280 Words   |  6 PagesIntro: In true Disney fashion Toy Story was the first fully computer-generated full-length feature film. Through the dedication of Pixar’s team and Disney’s innovation’s, Toy Story was taken to ‘infinity and beyond’ with the number 1 box office champion in 1995. Grossing over $361 million worldwide. This film was an amazing breakthrough in the way movies were made and was the foundation for many movies to come. 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Corporate Social Responsibility and Market †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Market. Answer: Introduction The United Kingdoms two leading oil and gas companies Shell and British Petroleum are taken into consideration for this assessment. Every organization publishes their sustainability report so that stakeholders of those companies can view their reflection on past performance and future initiatives in terms of social and governance (ESG), environmental aspects and corporate social responsibility to some extent. This assessment highlights the comparison of the two companies based on their sustainability report. The difference between these two companies based on the range of social, environmental and economic issues is also illustrated in the business report. Moreover, a difference between the reports that furthermore describes the differences of culture, attitudes, regulations and technology is also represented. The discussions of the differences in this sustainability report based on the Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria. Lastly, a group dissection based on the preferences of one of the t wo considered organization will also be discussed. Shell in the year 2016 had attained the annual revenue of $183,008 million which was $222,894 million in the previous year (Statista, 2017) The annual revenue incurred in the year 2016 by Royal Dutch Shell $233.59 billion; whereas, in the previous year the concerned organization have earned $ 264.96 billion (Statista, 2017). However, in terms of oil and gas sustainability ranking British Petroleum leads the Royal Dutch Shell. In this business report, the difference among the two companies is effective as both serve same performance and thus carrying a comparison between the two companies present a greater overview regarding the activities towards sustainability. Shell is associated with the business activity of oil exploration, development and extraction, manufacturing and energy production, transport and trading and sales and marketing. This information is present in the starting pages of the sustainability report of Shell. BP on the other hand is also liable for performing the similar job roles. Another fact that is necessary to address that is both the companies publishes their sustainability report from decades and thus it can be said that both these companies are aware of their responsibility towards the planet earth. Difference of the two companies based on range of social, environmental and economic issues Shell has mentioned the issue on climate change and energy transition, Business ethics, transparency and governance, environmental impacts, GHG and energy and Community engagement and societal impact. According to the CEOs letter, they are taking continuous effort to ensure safety so that they can work without causing harm to people and the environment. British Petroleum reported their social issues that are they have to play a crucial role in business for lower carbon future to take action on climate change, focusing on safe operations, maximizing value to society, respecting human rights and managing the local environmental impacts. The letter written by CEO of the concerned organization written that $1 billion of investment was made for formulating and implementing low carbon technologies to build a sustainable future. Thus, it can be said that both the companies are taking initiative for sustainable business procedure. Shell started their discussion of sustainability by representing their aim for running a safe, efficient, responsible and profitable business. The positive and unique attribute of this report is that they have presented their goals for the year 2016 and highlight the priorities for the year 2017. This approach shows that they have focused both on their current business strategies and future business plans. Shell also presented their work for addressing the climate change that is utilizing only the natural gas into different products that is liquid fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants for final use. The concerned organization also collaborated with government to create carbon pricing mechanisms. Moreover, they also have taken steps for demonstrating CCS technology with their global partners. British Petroleum highlighted their key issues prior to any other information. However, the report consists of the details of the business functions, their business trading throughout the world and segmentation of their employees based on region and segments, which is not required to be reported in sustainability report. In addition to that, there positive aspect of this report is that they have presented their green house gas emission and their breakdown along with their details for the year 2012 to 2016. British Petroleum also presented their timeline of two decades that illustrates their initiatives of tackling climate change. They have also represented a statistical representation of GHG movements from 2015 to 2016 along with their performance for reducing the climate change impact. Evaluation of social accounting approach according to Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria Lee and Vachon (2016) stated that there are total of eight principles under the Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria- inclusivity, comparability, completeness, evolution, management policies and system, disclosure, external verification and continuous improvement. Iannuzzi (2017) furthermore explains that these criteria assess whether or not an organization is auditing their sustainable report appropriately. In this aspect both the companies- British Petroleum and Royal Dutch Shell reported their issues, controversies and transparency in their business. Shell has successfully identified their Board of Directors (BOD) who is liable to assess the governance of tax. These members also assess system of risk management and internal control. However, the key members and their role in maintaining the sustainability are not present. The committee about which the details are given is for the corporate social responsibility. This committee is also responsible for measuring sustainability performance and audit results. Alike Royal Dutch Shell, British Petroleum also stated that their Board of Directors evaluate the carbon emission and carbon footprint research. However in this case also, the stakeholders details are not discussed. Shell has information about their corporate social responsibility along with their sustainable approaches. The details of the code of conduct is not discussed however a link is provided in which the values and business principles of shell is defined properly. British Petroleum does not include their CSR activities in their business sustainability report. On the other hand, details about governance of sustainability issues are given in the report. This committee is known as safety, ethics and environment assurance committee (SEEAC) but the details about code of ethics is absent in the report. In both the cases, the pictorial representation is not present for all the aspects. Descriptive detail is present that need much time to read and getting the information. In the sustainability report for Royal Dutch Shell, the information only focused on energy transition that is addressing climate change, utilization of natural gas, research and development for lower carbon alternatives. In comparison, British Petroleums sustainability report illustrates the sustainability in every aspect that is climate change, energy transformation, supply chain and inventory management. Details about freshwater consumption, water consumption intensity, air emissions and environmental expenditures are discussed properly that on the other hand is not present in Shells report. In both the cases the major accidents done by oil spillage is not highlighted in the sustainability report. Thus, it can be said that some important controversy is hidden in the report in both the case. Identification of the target line is not given in the report but the planning for reducing the carbon emission is present. However, the measures for reducing the number of accidents are discussed. Shell provides the details of their safety target in terms of road safety and oil spills only. British Petroleum in terms of major accidents consider vehicle accidents and traffic accidents is discussed. One positive aspect in this case is BPs report; the graphical interpretation of the vehicle accidents is given for the year 2012 to 2016. Management policies and system Shell have formulated energy and climate policy, retaliation policy, Health, Safety, Security and Environment and Social Performance (HSSESP) policy, child labor policy, employment policy, fair-work policy, policies for equal opportunities and supply chain policy. Policies in British Petroleum are formulated for risk management systems, greenhouse gas policy, consumer behavior policy, human rights policy and corruption policy. In both the reports there are definition of these policies are only present and the details of the implementation of these policies on breaching of the business approaches is not present. Thus, here also the sustainability report lacks some crucial details. In the report, Shell mentioned that they have disclosed their every details from their form 20-F, File No 1-32575 but the data is not present for public use or preview. The company also adhere Governments Regulations 2014 for disclosure related to payments. They have adhered to the transparency aspect under the initiative of Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). GRI report is not present however only the Environmental data and social and safety data are disclosed for the year range of 2007- 2016. BP only follows Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) for maintaining transparency. The suitability report of BP does not provide GRI index report which is necessary in resenting the sustainability report. External verification In terms of external verification, Shell has taken the help from EY to audit their performance in context of the sustainable business approach. British petroleum taken help from the Deloitte to audit the report of their sustainability activities. In both the cases, the CEO letter refers to the fact that they are taking initiatives for reducing the carbon emission and making their oil extraction process more eco-friendly and improve their system so that major accidents can be minimized. The value of the Royal Dutch Shell according to the sustainability report is to help shaping more sustainable energy for the future, sharing wider benefits in their business operation and executing a safe, efficient, responsible and profitable business. The value proposed by British Petroleum is focusing on quality oil projects gas, producing fuels and lubricants that can be used in cars, optimizing the growth of biofuel and transforming operational performance. Reflection of the group discussion There are two discussion sets among out team members regarding the preference company in terms of their sustainability approach. In the first session, we have decided to hold a discussion on their carbon emission approaches. It is found from the discussion that Shell has taken effort to present data in different aspect that is climate change, community engagement, social impact, safety measure, transparency policies. Whereas, there BP also focuses on the same but does not provide evidence of their initiatives. The second days we have decided to discuss about controversial things that newspaper article provide but are not present in the report. The discussion led us to the conclusion that both the companies have not illustrate the major accidents like transportation accidents and oil spill in that affects the climate more adversely. Thus, in this case, we found both Shell and British Petroleum to be unethical. However, in terms of more details about the sustainable activities and formulation of policies and maintaining transparency of data and business process, Royal Dutch Shell is considered to be more sustainable than BP. Conclusion Enormous challenge facing governments and compliance issue are present in the sustainability report for both the organization. Shell and British Petroleum are the two industries that are taken into consideration. There are much information present in both of the sustainability report but their initiative of reducing the problem of carbon emission is not present. Policy details are present in both the report but the utilization of these policies is not given in the report. In addition to that, the details about the all the crucial information related to controversy and adversity is not mentioned in the report. Thus, it is difficult to state whether their policy is effective to maintain the sustainability of the earth. 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